1. Amandla okusasazeka
Amandla esisombululo esithile okufikelela kulwabiwo olufanayo ngakumbi lwe-coating kwi-electrode (ngesiqhelo i-cathode) phantsi kweemeko ezithile xa kuthelekiswa nolwabiwo lwangoku lokuqala. Ikwaziwa ngokuba ngumthamo we-plating.
2. Ubuchule bokugquma nzulu:
Amandla esisombululo sokugquma ukufaka i-metal coating kwi-grooves okanye kwimingxuma enzulu phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
3 Ukufakelwa ngombane:
Yinkqubo yokusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-waveform ye-low-voltage direct current ukudlula kwi-workpiece njenge-cathode kwi-electrolyte equlethe i-ion yesinyithi ethile kunye nenkqubo yokufumana ii-electron kwi-ion zesinyithi kwaye uzifake rhoqo kwisinyithi kwi-cathode.
4 Uxinano lwangoku:
Ubunzulu bangoku obudlula kwi-electrode yendawo yeyunithi budla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-A/dm2.
5 Ukusebenza kakuhle okwangoku:
Umlinganiselo wobunzima bokwenyani bemveliso owenziwe yimpendulo kwi-electrode ukuya kwi-electrochemical equivalent yayo xa idlula kwiyunithi yombane idla ngokubonakaliswa njengepesenti.
IiCathode ezi-6:
I-electrode esabelayo ukuze ifumane ii-electron, oko kukuthi i-electrode edlula kwi-reduction reaction.
Ii-Anode ezi-7:
I-electrode enokwamkela ii-electron ezivela kwii-reactants, oko kukuthi i-electrode edlula kwii-reaction ze-oxidation.
Iingubo ezili-10 zeCathodic:
Ingubo yesinyithi enexabiso eliphezulu le-algebraic le-electrode potential kunentsimbi esisiseko.
11 Ukwambathisa i-Anodic:
Ingubo yesinyithi enexabiso le-algebraic le-electrode potential encinci kuneyentsimbi esisiseko.
12 Izinga lokutsalwa kwenkunkuma:
Ubukhulu besinyithi obubekwe phezu komphezulu wento ngaphakathi kweyunithi yexesha. Ngokwesiqhelo bubonakaliswa ngee-micrometer ngeyure.
13 Ukuqalisa:
Inkqubo yokwenza imeko ecacileyo yomphezulu wesinyithi inyamalale.
14 Ukunyamezela;
Phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo, impendulo eqhelekileyo yokunyibilika komphezulu wesinyithi iyathinteleka kakhulu kwaye yenzeka ngaphakathi koluhlu olubanzi lwee-electrode potentials.
Isiphumo sokunciphisa izinga lokusabela ekunyibilikeni kwesinyithi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu.
15 Ukuqhekeka kwehydrogen:
Ukubhitya okubangelwa kukufunxwa kweeathom zehydrogen zisinyithi okanye ii-alloys ngexesha leenkqubo ezifana nokugrumba, ukususa amafutha, okanye ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating.
Ixabiso le-16 PH:
I-logarithm engalunganga esetyenziswa rhoqo yomsebenzi we-hydrogen ion.
Izinto zeMatrix ezili-17;
Izinto ezinokubeka isinyithi okanye zenze umaleko wefilimu kuso.
Ii-anode ezincedisayo ezili-18:
Ukongeza kwi-anode edla ngokufuneka kwi-electroplating, i-anode encedisayo isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusasazwa kwamandla kumphezulu wenxalenye efakwe i-plated.
19 I-cathode encedisayo:
Ukuze kupheliswe ii-burrs okanye ukutsha okunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezithile zenxalenye egqunywe ngeplastiki ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu lwemigca yamandla, kongezwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-cathode kufutshane naloo ndawo ukuze kusetyenziswe umbane. Le cathode eyongezelelweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-assistant cathode.
20 Ukuqhekeka kweCathodic:
Imeko apho amandla e-cathode ephambuka kwi-equilibrium potential aze ahambe kwicala elingalunganga xa i-direct current idlula kwi-electrode.
21 Ukusasazwa kwangoku kokuqala:
Ukusasazwa kwamandla kumphezulu we-electrode xa kungekho polarization ye-electrode.
22 Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweekhemikhali;
Inkqubo yokunyanga isicombululo esiqulethe i-oxidizing agent ukuze yenze umaleko omncinci kakhulu wokudlulisa amanzi kumphezulu, osebenza njengefilimu ekhuselayo.
23 I-oxidation yeekhemikhali:
Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide phezu komphezulu wesinyithi ngonyango lweekhemikhali.
24 I-electrochemical oxidation (i-anodizing):
Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ekhuselayo, ehombisayo, okanye enye esebenzayo kumphezulu wenxalenye yesinyithi nge-electrolysis kwi-electrolyte ethile, apho inxalenye yesinyithi njenge-anode.
25 Impact electroplating:
Umsinga ophezulu okhawulezileyo odlula kwinkqubo yangoku.
Ifilimu yokuguqula engu-26;
Umaleko wemaski yobuso engaphezulu wekhompawundi equlethe isinyithi eyenziwe ngonyango lweekhemikhali okanye lwe-electrochemical lwesinyithi.
27 Intsimbi ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
Inkqubo yokufudumeza izinto zentsimbi emoyeni okanye ukuzintywilisela kwisisombululo se-oxidizing ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu encinci ye-oxide phezu komphezulu, ngesiqhelo inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (omnyama).
28 Ukuphosphata:
Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo ye-phosphate enganyibilikiyo kumphezulu wezinto zentsimbi.
29 Ukwahlulahlula kwe-electrochemical:
Phantsi kwesenzo samandla ombane, izinga lokusabela kwe-electrochemical kwi-electrode liphantsi kunesantya see-electron ezibonelelwa ngumthombo wamandla wangaphandle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho utshintsho olubi kwaye kubekho i-polarization.
30 Ukwahlulahlula koxinzelelo:
I-Polarization ebangelwa ngumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi komaleko wolwelo kufutshane nomphezulu we-electrode kunye nobunzulu besisombululo.
31 Ukususa amafutha kwiikhemikhali:
Inkqubo yokususa amabala eoyile kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza nge-saponification kunye ne-emulsification kwisisombululo se-alkaline.
32 Ukususa amafutha nge-electrolytic:
Inkqubo yokususa amabala eoyile kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza kwisisombululo se-alkaline, kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokusebenza njenge-anode okanye i-cathode, phantsi kwesenzo sombane.
33 Ikhupha ukukhanya:
Inkqubo yokufunxa isinyithi kwisisombululo ixesha elifutshane ukuze kwenziwe umphezulu okhazimlayo.
34 Ukupholisha ngoomatshini:
Inkqubo yokucubungula ngoomatshini yokuphucula ukukhanya komphezulu weendawo zesinyithi ngokusebenzisa ivili lokupholisha elijikelezayo elinokujikeleza okuphezulu eligqunywe ngepeyinti yokupholisha.
35 Ukususa amafutha kwi-organic solvent:
Inkqubo yokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-organic ukususa amabala eoyile kumphezulu weendawo.
36 Ukususwa kweHydrogen:
Ukufudumeza iindawo zesinyithi kubushushu obuthile okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokuphelisa inkqubo yokufunxwa kwe-hydrogen ngaphakathi kwesinyithi ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-electroplating.
37 Ukuhluba:
Inkqubo yokususa i-coating kumphezulu wecandelo.
38 Ukukrola okubuthathaka:
Ngaphambi kokufaka ipleyiti, inkqubo yokususa ifilimu ye-oxide encinci kakhulu kumphezulu weendawo zesinyithi kwisisombululo esithile sokwakheka kunye nokuvula umphezulu.
39 Ukhukuliseko olunamandla:
Faka iindawo zesinyithi kwisisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nesicoci sobushushu ukuze ususe umhlwa we-oxide kwiindawo zesinyithi
Inkqubo yokukhukuliseka komhlaba.
Iingxowa ze-Anode ezingama-40:
Ingxowa eyenziwe ngekotoni okanye ngelaphu elenziweyo elibekwa kwi-anode ukuthintela ukuba i-anode ingangeni kwisisombululo.
41 Iarhente yokukhanyisa:
Izongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana iingubo ezikhanyayo kwii-electrolytes.
Ii-Surfactants ezingama-42:
Into enokunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-interfacial nokuba yongezwa ngobuninzi obuphantsi kakhulu.
Isithambisi-mafutha esingu-43;
Into enokunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kwezinto ezingenakudityaniswa kunye nokwenza i-emulsion.
44 Iarhente yokubulala:
Into enokwenza i-complex ngee-ion zesinyithi okanye iikhompawundi ezinee-ion zesinyithi.
45 Umaleko wokuvala:
Umaleko wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwinxalenye ethile ye-electrode okanye isixhobo sokwenza umphezulu waloo nxalenye ungabi namandla okuhambisa umbane.
46 Isixhobo sokumanzisa:
Into enokunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunye nesisombululo, nto leyo eyenza umphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi ube manzi lula.
Izongezo ezingama-47:
Isixa esincinci sesongezo esikwisisombululo esinokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical okanye umgangatho wesisombululo.
I-Buffer engama-48:
Into enokugcina ixabiso le-pH elingaguqukiyo lesisombululo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile.
49 I-cathode ehambayo:
I-cathode esebenzisa isixhobo soomatshini ukubangela intshukumo ephindaphindayo phakathi kwenxalenye eqhotyoshelweyo kunye ne-pole bar.
Ifilimu yamanzi engama-50 engapheliyo:
Idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukumanzisa ngokungalinganiyo okubangelwa kukungcola komphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ifilimu yamanzi kumphezulu ingaqhubeki.
51 Ukufunxa:
Inani leemingxuma zepini kwindawo nganye.
Iimingxuma ezingama-52:
Iimbobo ezincinci ezivela kumphezulu wengubo ukuya kwingubo engaphantsi okanye isinyithi se-substrate zibangelwa yimiqobo kwinkqubo yokubeka i-electrode kwiindawo ezithile kumphezulu we-cathode, ezithintela ukufakwa kwengubo kuloo ndawo, ngelixa ingubo ejikelezileyo iqhubeka nokuqina.
53 Ukutshintsha kombala:
Utshintsho kumbala womphezulu wesinyithi okanye uqweqwe olubangelwa kukugqwala (njengokuba mnyama, ukutshintsha kombala, njl.njl.).
54 Amandla okubopha:
Amandla okubopha phakathi kwengubo kunye nezinto ze-substrate. Ingalinganiswa ngamandla afunekayo ukwahlula ingubo kwi-substrate.
55 Ukuxobula:
Ingxaki yokuqhekeka kwengubo kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-substrate ngendlela efana nephepha.
56 Ukwaleka okufana nesiponji:
Iidipozithi ezikhululekileyo nezingenamibhobho ezenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating ezingabotshelelwanga ngokuqinileyo kwizinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
57 Ukwaleka okutshileyo:
Inkunkuma emnyama, erhabaxa, ekhululekileyo okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi eyenziwe phantsi kombane ophezulu, edla ngokuqulatha
I-oxide okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo.
Amachaphaza angama-58:
Imingxunya emincinci okanye imingxuma eyenziwe kwiindawo zesinyithi ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-electroplating kunye nokugqwala.
Iipropati zeBrazing zokugquma ezingama-59:
Amandla omphezulu wengubo ukuba umanziswe yi-solder enyibilikisiweyo.
I-60 Hard chrome plating:
Ibhekisa ekugqumeni iileya ze-chromium ezityebileyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-substrate. Enyanisweni, ubulukhuni bayo abunzima kunobungqindilili be-chromium yokuhombisa, kwaye ukuba i-coating ayikhazimli, ithambile kunobungqindilili be-chromium yokuhombisa. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-hard chromium plating kuba i-coating yayo etyebileyo inokubonakalisa ubungqindilili bayo obuphezulu kunye neempawu zokuxhathisa ukuguguleka.
T: Ulwazi oluSisiseko kunye nesigama kwi-Electroplating
D: Amandla esisombululo esithile okufikelela kulwabiwo olufanayo lwe-coating kwi-electrode (ngesiqhelo i-cathode) phantsi kweemeko ezithile xa kuthelekiswa nolwabiwo lwangoku lokuqala. Ikwaziwa nangokuthi yi-plating capacity
K: Ukufakelwa ngombane
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-20-2024
