I-electrolytici-hydrogeniyunithi yemveliso ibandakanya iseti epheleleyo ye-electrolysis yamanzii-hydrogenizixhobo zemveliso, kunye nezixhobo eziphambili eziquka:
1. Iseli ye-electrolytic
2. Isixhobo sokwahlula ulwelo lwegesi
3. Inkqubo yokomisa nokucoca
4. Inxalenye yombane ibandakanya: i-transformer, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa izinto, ikhabhinethi yokulawula ye-PLC, ikhabhinethi yezixhobo, ikhabhinethi yokusasazwa, ikhompyutha ephezulu, njl.
5. Inkqubo encedisayo ibandakanya ikakhulu: itanki yesisombululo se-alkali, itanki yamanzi eluhlaza, ipompo yamanzi yokwenza izinto, isilinda ye-nitrogen/ibhasi, njl.njl. 6. Inkqubo encedisayo iyonke yezixhobo ibandakanya: umatshini wamanzi acocekileyo, inqaba ekhuphayo, i-chiller, i-air compressor, njl.njl.
ii-hydrogen kunye nee-oxygen coolers, kwaye amanzi aqokelelwa nge-drip trap ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe phantsi kolawulo lwenkqubo yolawulo; I-electrolyte idlulai-hydrogenkunye nezihluzi ze-alkali zeoksijini, ii-hydrogen kunye nee-alkali zeoksijini ngokulandelelana phantsi kwesenzo sepompo yokujikeleza kwegazi, zize zibuyele kwiseli ye-electrolytic ukuze zisetyenziswe ngakumbi kwi-electrolysis.
Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lulawulwa yinkqubo yolawulo loxinzelelo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo loxinzelelo olwahlukileyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeenkqubo ezisezantsi kunye nokugcinwa.
I-hydrogen eveliswa yi-electrolysis yamanzi ineengenelo zokuhlambuluka okuphezulu kunye nokungcola okuphantsi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukungcola kwigesi ye-hydrogen eveliswa yi-electrolysis yamanzi yioksijini namanzi kuphela, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto (ezinokuthintela ukutyhefwa zii-catalysts ezithile). Oku kubonelela ngokulula ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu, kwaye igesi ecociweyo inokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yeegesi zoshishino ze-elektroniki.
I-hydrogen eveliswa yiyunithi yokuvelisa i-hydrogen idlula kwitanki ye-buffer ukuze izinzise uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo kwaye ikhuphe amanzi asimahla kwi-hydrogen.
Emva kokungena kwisixhobo sokucoca i-hydrogen, i-hydrogen eveliswa yi-electrolysis yamanzi iyahlanjululwa ngakumbi, kusetyenziswa imigaqo ye-catalytic reaction kunye ne-molecular sieve adsorption ukususa i-oxygen, amanzi, kunye nokunye ukungcola kwi-hydrogen.
Izixhobo zinokumisela inkqubo yokulungisa imveliso ye-hydrogen ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwemeko yokwenyani. Utshintsho kumthwalo wegesi luya kubangela ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwetanki yokugcina i-hydrogen. I-transmitter yoxinzelelo efakwe kwitanki yokugcina iya kukhupha isignali ye-4-20mA kwi-PLC ukuze ithelekiswe nexabiso elibekiweyo lokuqala, kwaye emva kokuguqulwa okuchaseneyo kunye nokubalwa kwe-PID, ikhuphe isignali ye-20-4mA kwikhabhinethi yokulungisa ukuze ilungise ubungakanani bombane we-electrolysis, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa injongo yokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwemveliso ye-hydrogen ngokweenguqu kumthwalo we-hydrogen.
Eyona mpendulo kuphela kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwehydrogen yi-electrolysis yamanzi ngamanzi (H2O), ekufuneka aqhubeke enikwa amanzi aluhlaza ngepompo yokuzalisa amanzi. Indawo yokuzalisa ikwi-hydrogen okanye i-oxygen separator. Ukongeza, i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen kufuneka zisuse amanzi amancinci xa ziphuma kwinkqubo. Izixhobo ezisebenzisa amanzi amancinci zinokusebenzisa i-1L/Nm³ H2, ngelixa izixhobo ezinkulu zinokunciphisa ukuya kwi-0.9L/Nm³ H2. Inkqubo iqhubeka nokugcwalisa amanzi aluhlaza, anokugcina uzinzo lwenqanaba lolwelo lwe-alkaline kunye noxinzelelo. Ingaphinda izalise amanzi aphenduliweyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukugcina uxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-alkaline.
- Inkqubo yokulungisa i-transformer
Le nkqubo ikakhulu inezixhobo ezibini, i-transformer kunye nekhabhathi yokulungisa. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuguqula amandla e-AC e-10/35KV anikwe ngumnini we-front-end abe ngamandla e-DC afunekayo kwiseli ye-electrolytic, kwaye inike amandla e-DC kwiseli ye-electrolytic. Inxalenye yamandla anikezelweyo isetyenziselwa ukubola ngokuthe ngqo iimolekyuli zamanzi zibe yi-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen, kwaye enye inxalenye ivelisa ubushushu, obuqhutywa yi-alkali cooler ngamanzi apholisayo.
Uninzi lwee-transformer zezohlobo lweoyile. Ukuba zibekwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli, ii-transformer zohlobo olomileyo zingasetyenziswa. Ii-transformer ezisetyenziselwa izixhobo zokuvelisa i-hydrogen yamanzi nge-electrolytic zii-transformer ezikhethekileyo ezifuna ukudityaniswa ngokwedatha yeseli nganye ye-electrolytic, ngoko ke zizixhobo ezenzelwe wena.
Okwangoku, ikhabhinethi yokulungisa esetyenziswa kakhulu luhlobo lwe-thyristor, oluxhaswa ngabavelisi bezixhobo ngenxa yexesha layo elide lokusetyenziswa, uzinzo oluphezulu, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesidingo sokulungelelanisa izixhobo ezinkulu kumandla avuselelekayo angaphambili, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kweekhabhinethi zokulungisa i-thyristor kuphantsi kakhulu. Okwangoku, abavelisi beekhabhinethi ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa bazama ukwamkela iikhabhinethi ezintsha zokulungisa i-IGBT. I-IGBT sele ixhaphakile kwamanye amashishini afana namandla omoya, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba iikhabhinethi zokulungisa i-IGBT ziya kuba nophuhliso olukhulu kwixesha elizayo.
- Inkqubo yekhabhinethi yokusasazwa
Ikhabhathi yokusasaza isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukubonelela ngombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngeemoto ezikwinkqubo yokwahlula nokucoca ioksijini ye-hydrogen emva kwezixhobo zokuvelisa i-hydrogen zamanzi ze-electrolytic, kubandakanya i-400V okanye ezibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ze-380V. Ezi zixhobo ziquka ipompo yokujikeleza kwe-alkali kwisakhelo sokwahlula ioksijini ye-hydrogen kunye nepompo yamanzi yokwenza izinto kwinkqubo yokuncedisa; Umbane weentambo zokufudumeza kwinkqubo yokomisa nokucoca, kunye neenkqubo zokuncedisa ezifunekayo kwinkqubo yonke ezifana noomatshini bamanzi acocekileyo, ii-chillers, ii-air compressors, ii-cooling towers, kunye nee-back-end hydrogen compressors, oomatshini be-hydrogenation, njl.njl., ikwabandakanya umbane wokukhanyisa, ukubeka esweni, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesikhululo sonke.
- Ci-ontroinkqubo ye-l
Inkqubo yolawulo isebenzisa ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-PLC. I-PLC ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-Siemens 1200 okanye i-1500, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngesikrini sokuchukumisa esijongana nomntu nomatshini. Ukusebenza kunye nokuboniswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo nganye yesixhobo kunye nokuboniswa kwe-logic yolawulo kuyabonakala kwisikrini sokuchukumisa.
5. Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali
Le nkqubo ibandakanya ikakhulu ezi zixhobo zilandelayo ziphambili:
Isahluli se-oxygen ye-hydrogen – Impompo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkali – Ivalvu – Isihluzi sesisombululo se-alkali – Iseli ye-Electrolytic
Inkqubo ephambili yile ilandelayo: isisombululo se-alkaline esixutywe ne-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen kwi-hydrogen oxygen separator siyahlulwa yi-gas-liquid separator kwaye siphinde sifakwe kwi-alkaline solution circulation pump. I-hydrogen separator kunye ne-oxygen separator zidibene apha, kwaye i-alkaline solution circulation pump ijikeleza i-refluxed alkaline solution kwi-valve kunye ne-alkaline solution filter ekupheleni ngasemva. Emva kokuba i-filter ihluze ukungcola okukhulu, isisombululo se-alkaline sijikeleziswa ngaphakathi kwi-electrolytic cell.
6. Inkqubo yeHydrogen
Igesi yehydrogen iveliswa kwicala le-cathode electrode ize ifikelele kwi-separator kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkaline. Ngaphakathi kwi-separator, igesi ye-hydrogen ilula kwaye yahlulwe ngokwendalo kwisisombululo se-alkaline, ifikelela kwinxalenye ephezulu ye-separator. Emva koko, idlula kwiipayipi ukuze yahlulwe ngakumbi, ipholiswe ngamanzi apholisayo, ize iqokelelwe yi-drip catcher ukuze ifumane ubumsulwa obumalunga ne-99% ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwinkqubo yokomisa nokucoca emva.
Ukufuduka: Ukufuduka kwegesi ye-hydrogen kusetyenziswa kakhulu ngexesha lokuqalisa nokuvala, imisebenzi engaqhelekanga, okanye xa ubunyulu bungahlangabezani nemigangatho, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
7. Inkqubo yeoksijini
Indlela yeoksijini ifana neyehydrogen, ngaphandle kokuba yenziwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula.
Ukukhupha ioksijini: Okwangoku, uninzi lweeprojekthi zisebenzisa indlela yokukhupha ioksijini.
Ukusetyenziswa: Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kweoksijini linentsingiselo kuphela kwiiprojekthi ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezicelo ezinokusebenzisa ioksijini yehayidrojini kunye neoksijini ecocekileyo kakhulu, ezifana nabavelisi be-fiber optic. Kukwakho neeprojekthi ezinkulu ezigcinele indawo yokusetyenziswa kweoksijini. Iimeko zesicelo sasemva zezokuvelisa ioksijini engamanzi emva kokomiswa nokucocwa, okanye zeoksijini yezonyango ngeenkqubo zokusasazwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka kwezi meko zokusetyenziswa kusafuna ukuqinisekiswa okungakumbi.
8. Inkqubo yamanzi okupholisa
Inkqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi yi-endothermic reaction, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa i-hydrogen kufuneka inikwe amandla ombane. Nangona kunjalo, amandla ombane asetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi adlula ukufunxwa kobushushu okukholelwayo kwe-electrolysis reaction yamanzi. Ngamanye amazwi, inxalenye yombane esetyenziswa kwiseli ye-electrolysis iguqulwa ibe bubushushu, obusetyenziswa kakhulu ukufudumeza inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-alkaline ekuqaleni, ukunyusa ubushushu besisombululo se-alkaline ukuya kumanqanaba obushushu afunekayo angama-90 ± 5 ℃ kwizixhobo. Ukuba iseli ye-electrolysis iyaqhubeka nokusebenza emva kokufikelela kubushushu obulinganisiweyo, ubushushu obuvelisiweyo kufuneka buqhutywe ngamanzi apholisayo ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bendawo ye-electrolysis reaction. Ubushushu obuphezulu kwindawo ye-electrolysis reaction bunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kodwa ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu, i-diaphragm yegumbi le-electrolysis iya konakala, nto leyo eya kuba yingozi ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kwezixhobo.
Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusebenza kwesi sixhobo kufuneka bugcinwe bungekho ngaphezulu kwama-95 ℃. Ukongeza, i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen evelisiweyo nazo kufuneka zipholiswe kwaye zingabi namswakama, kwaye isixhobo sokulungisa i-thyristor esipholileyo ngamanzi sikwaxhotyiswe ngemibhobho yokupholisa efunekayo.
Umzimba wepompo yezixhobo ezinkulu ufuna nokuba amanzi okupholisa athathe inxaxheba.
- Inkqubo yokuzalisa i-nitrogen kunye nokucoca i-nitrogen
Ngaphambi kokulungisa nokusebenzisa isixhobo, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqina kwe-nitrogen kwinkqubo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kufuneka kucocwe isigaba segesi senkqubo nge-nitrogen ukuqinisekisa ukuba igesi kwindawo yesigaba segesi kumacala omabini e-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen ikude kakhulu kuluhlu olunokutsha noluqhumayo.
Emva kokuba izixhobo zivaliwe, inkqubo yolawulo iya kugcina uxinzelelo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye igcine inani elithile le-hydrogen kunye ne-oksijini ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Ukuba uxinzelelo lusekhona ngexesha lokuqalisa, akukho mfuneko yokwenza isenzo sokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uxinzelelo luphelile ngokupheleleyo, isenzo sokucoca i-nitrogen kufuneka senziwe kwakhona.
- Inkqubo yokomisa i-hydrogen (yokucoca) (ukhetho)
Igesi yehydrogen elungiselelwe nge-electrolysis yamanzi isuswa umswakama yi-dryer ehambelanayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni icocwe nge-sintered nickel tube filter ukuze kufunyanwe igesi yehydrogen eyomileyo. Ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi kwi-hydrogen yemveliso, inkqubo inokongeza isixhobo sokucoca, esisebenzisa i-palladium platinum bimetallic catalytic deoxygenation ukuze icoceke.
I-hydrogen eveliswa yiyunithi yokuvelisa i-hydrogen esebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi ithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokucoca i-hydrogen ngetanki ye-buffer.
Igesi yehydrogen iqala idlule kwinqaba yokukhupha ioksijini, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, ioksijini kwigesi yehydrogen idibana negesi yehydrogen ukuze ivelise amanzi.
Ifomula yokusabela: 2H2+O2 2H2O.
Emva koko, igesi yehydrogen idlula kwi-hydrogen condenser (epholisa igesi ukuze idibanise umphunga wamanzi emanzini, okhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwenkqubo nge-collector) ize ingene kwi-adsorption tower.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-03-2024
