Ngokubanzi, i-electrochemical oxidation ibhekisa kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-electrochemistry, ebandakanya iimpendulo ze-electrochemical ezithe ngqo okanye ezingathanga ngqo ezenzeka kwi-electrode ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yezimpendulo zokunciphisa i-oxidation. Ezi mpendulo zijolise ekunciphiseni okanye ekususeni ukungcola emanzini amdaka.
Ngokungachazwanga kakuhle, i-electrochemical oxidation ibhekisa ngokukodwa kwinkqubo ye-anodic. Kule nkqubo, isisombululo se-organic okanye i-suspension ifakwa kwiseli ye-electrolytic, kwaye ngokusetyenziswa kombane othe ngqo, ii-electron zikhutshwa kwi-anode, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-oxidation yee-organic compounds. Ngaphandle koko, ii-low-valence metals zinokufakwa kwi-high-valence metal ions kwi-anode, ezithi emva koko zithathe inxaxheba kwi-oxidation yee-organic compounds. Ngokwesiqhelo, amaqela athile asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwee-organic compounds abonisa umsebenzi we-electrochemical. Phantsi kwempembelelo yentsimi yombane, ulwakhiwo lwala maqela asebenzayo lutshintsha, lutshintsha iipropati zeekhemikhali zee-organic compounds, lunciphise ubuthi bazo, kwaye luphucule ukubola kwazo.
Ukunyibilika kwe-electrochemical kunokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokunyibilika ngokungathanga ngqo. Ukunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo (i-electrolysis ngqo) kubandakanya ukususwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezingcolisayo emanzini amdaka ngokuzinyibilikisa kwi-electrode. Le nkqubo ibandakanya zombini iinkqubo ze-anodic kunye ne-cathodic. Inkqubo ye-anodic ibandakanya ukunyibilika kwezinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu we-anode, ukuziguqula zibe zizinto okanye izinto ezingenabungozi kangako ezinokubola, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa okanye zisuse izinto ezingcolisayo. Inkqubo ye-cathodic ibandakanya ukunciphisa izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu we-cathode kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa nokususa ii-hydrocarbons ze-halogenated kunye nokubuyisela iintsimbi ezinzima.
Inkqubo ye-cathodic ingabizwa ngokuba kukunciphisa i-electrochemical. Ibandakanya ukudluliselwa kwee-electron ukunciphisa ii-ion zesinyithi ezinzima ezifana ne-Cr6+ kunye ne-Hg2+ kwiimeko zazo eziphantsi ze-oxidation. Ukongeza, inokunciphisa iikhompawundi ze-chlorine organic, iziguqule zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi okanye ezingenobungozi, ekugqibeleni ziphucule ukubola kwazo:
R-Cl + H+ + e → RH + Cl-
I-oxidation engathanga ngqo (i-electrolysis engathanga ngqo) ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwee-oxidizing okanye ii-reducing agents eziveliswa nge-electrochemical njengee-reactants okanye ii-catalysts ukuguqula ukungcola kube zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. I-electrolysis engathanga ngqo inokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi kwiinkqubo eziguqukayo nezingenakuguqulwa. Iinkqubo eziguqukayo (i-oxidation ye-electrochemical mediated) zibandakanya ukuhlaziywa kunye nokurisayikilisha iintlobo ze-redox ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrochemical. Iinkqubo eziguqukayo, kwelinye icala, zisebenzisa izinto eziveliswa zii-reversible electrochemical reactions, ezifana nee-oxidizing agents ezinamandla ezifana ne-Cl2, ii-chlorates, ii-hypochlorites, i-H2O2, kunye ne-O3, ukuze zi-oxide ii-organic compounds. Iinkqubo eziguqukayo zingavelisa ii-oxidative intermediates eziphezulu, kubandakanya ii-electrons ezinyibilikisiweyo, ·HO radicals, ·HO2 radicals (hydroperoxyl radicals), kunye ·O2- radicals (superoxide anions), ezinokusetyenziselwa ukonakalisa nokususa ukungcola okufana ne-cyanide, ii-phenols, i-COD (i-Chemical Oxygen Demand), kunye nee-S2-ions, ekugqibeleni ziziguqule zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi.
Kwimeko ye-oxidation ethe ngqo ye-anodic, uxinano oluphantsi lwe-reactant lunokunciphisa impendulo yomphezulu we-electrochemical ngenxa yemingcele yokudluliselwa kobunzima, ngelixa olu thintelo lungekho kwiinkqubo ze-oxidation ezingathanga ngqo. Ngexesha leenkqubo ze-oxidation ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo, ii-reactions ezisemacaleni ezibandakanya ukuveliswa kwegesi ye-H2 okanye ye-O2 zinokwenzeka, kodwa ezi mpendulo ezisecaleni zinokulawulwa ngokukhetha izixhobo ze-electrode kunye nolawulo olunokwenzeka.
Ukunyibilika kwe-electrochemical kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kusebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka nge-organic concentrations ephezulu, izinto ezintsonkothileyo, izinto ezininzi ezichaseneyo, kunye nombala ophezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ii-anodes ezine-electrochemical activity, obu buchwephesha bunokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo ii-hydroxyl radicals ezine-oxidative ephezulu. Le nkqubo ikhokelela ekuboleni kwezinto ezingcolisayo ze-organic ezihlala zihleli zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi, ezinokubola kunye nokuchithwa kwazo ngokupheleleyo zibe ziikhompawundi ezifana ne-carbon dioxide okanye ii-carbonates.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-07-2023
