Ngenxa yokwanda kokuphishekela amandla acocekileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela, amandla e-hydrogen, njengomthwali wamandla osebenzayo nococekileyo, angena kancinci kancinci embonweni wabantu. Njengekhonkco eliphambili kwikhonkco leshishini lamandla e-hydrogen, itekhnoloji yokucoca i-hydrogen ayikhathaleli nje kuphela ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwamandla e-hydrogen, kodwa ikwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umda wokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zamandla e-hydrogen.
1. Iimfuneko ze-hydrogen yemveliso
I-hydrogen, njengesixhobo sokuvelisa amandla kunye nekhemikhali, ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zococeko kunye nomxholo wokungcola kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Kwimveliso ye-ammonia yokwenziwa, i-methanol kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali, ukuze kuthintelwe ubuthi be-catalyst kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso, ii-sulfides kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi kwigesi yokutya kufuneka zisuswe kwangaphambili ukuze kuncitshiswe umxholo wokungcola ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno. Kwimimandla yemizi-mveliso efana ne-metallurgy, i-ceramics, iglasi, kunye nee-semiconductors, igesi ye-hydrogen idibana ngqo neemveliso, kwaye iimfuno zococeko kunye nomxholo wokungcola zingqongqo ngakumbi. Umzekelo, kwishishini le-semiconductor, i-hydrogen isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwekristale kunye ne-substrate, i-oxidation, i-annealing, njl.njl., ezinemida ephezulu kakhulu kukungcola okufana ne-oxygen, amanzi, ii-hydrocarbons ezinzima, i-hydrogen sulfide, njl.njl. kwi-hydrogen.
2. Umgaqo wokusebenza wokukhupha ioksijini
Phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, inani elincinci le-oksijini kwi-hydrogen linokusabela kunye ne-hydrogen ukuvelisa amanzi, nto leyo efezekisa injongo yokukhupha i-oxygen. I-reaction yi-exothermic reaction, kwaye i-reaction equation yile ilandelayo:
2H ₂+O ₂ (isincedisi) -2H ₂ O+Q
Ngenxa yokuba ukwakheka, iipropati zeekhemikhali, kunye nomgangatho we-catalyst ngokwayo azitshintshi ngaphambi nasemva kwempendulo, i-catalyst ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.
I-deoxidizer inesakhiwo sesilinda sangaphakathi nesangaphandle, apho i-catalyst ilayishwe phakathi kwezilinda zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Icandelo lokufudumeza lombane elingaqhumiyo lifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, kwaye ii-sensors ezimbini zobushushu zibekwe phezulu nasezantsi kwe-catalyst packing ukuze zibone kwaye zilawule ubushushu bokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sisongelwe ngomaleko wokuthintela ukulahleka kobushushu kwaye siphephe ukutsha. I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena kwisilinda sangaphakathi ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yokungena ye-deoxidizer, ifudunyezwa yinto yokufudumeza yombane, kwaye idlula kwi-catalyst bed ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. I-oksijini kwi-hydrogen eluhlaza isabela kunye ne-hydrogen phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukuvelisa amanzi. Umxholo we-oksijini kwi-hydrogen ephuma kwindawo engaphantsi ingancitshiswa ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1ppm. Amanzi aveliswa yindibaniselwano aphuma kwi-deoxidizer kwimo yegesi kunye negesi ye-hydrogen, ajijeke kwi-hydrogen cooler elandelayo, ahluze kwindawo yokwahlula-hlula amanzi emoyeni, aze akhutshwe kwinkqubo.
3. Umgaqo wokusebenza wokomisa
Ukomiswa kwegesi yehydrogen kusebenzisa indlela yokufunxa, kusetyenziswa izihluzo zemolekyuli njengezihluzo. Emva kokomiswa, iqondo lomhlwa legesi yehydrogen linokufikelela ngaphantsi kwe -70 ℃. Isihluzo semolekyuli luhlobo lwe-aluminosilicate compound ene-cubic lattice, eyenza imingxunya emininzi enobukhulu obufanayo ngaphakathi emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye inendawo enkulu kakhulu. Izihluzo zemolekyuli zibizwa ngokuba ziihluzo zemolekyuli kuba zinokuhlulahlula iimolekyuli ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo, ububanzi, iipolarities, iindawo zokubila, kunye namanqanaba okugcwala.
Amanzi yimolekyuli ekwindawo ethe tyaba kakhulu, kwaye izihluzo zemolekyuli zinobuhlobo obuqinileyo namanzi. Ukufunxwa kwezihluzo zemolekyuli kukufunxwa ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye xa ukufunxwa kugcwele, kuthatha ixesha elithile ukufudumeza nokuphinda kuvele ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe kwakhona. Ke ngoko, ubuncinane ii-dryer ezimbini zifakiwe kwisixhobo sokucoca, esinye sisebenza ngelixa esinye siphinda sivelise, ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-hydrogen eqinileyo ye-dew point.
Isixhobo sokomisa sinesakhiwo sesilinda sangaphakathi nesangaphandle, apho i-adsorbent ilayishwe phakathi kwezilinda zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Icandelo lokufudumeza lombane elingaqhumiyo lifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sangaphakathi, kwaye ii-sensors ezimbini zobushushu zibekwe phezulu nasezantsi kwepakethe yesihluzo se-molecular ukuze zibone kwaye zilawule ubushushu bokusabela. Isilinda sangaphandle sisongelwe ngomaleko wokuthintela ukulahleka kobushushu kwaye kuthintelwe ukutsha. Ukuhamba komoya kwimeko yokufunxa (kubandakanya iimeko zokusebenza eziphambili nezesibini) kunye nemeko yokuvuselela kuyaguqulwa. Kwimeko yokufunxa, umbhobho ophezulu yi-gas outlet kwaye umbhobho osezantsi yi-gas inlet. Kwimeko yokuvuselela, umbhobho ophezulu yi-gas inlet kwaye umbhobho osezantsi yi-gas outlet. Inkqubo yokomisa inokwahlulwa ibe zii-tower dryers ezimbini kunye nee-tower dryers ezintathu ngokwenani lee-tower dryers.
4. Inkqubo yeenqaba ezimbini
Kufakelwe oomatshisi ababini kwisixhobo, abatshintshatshintshayo baze baphinde bavelise ngaphakathi komjikelo omnye (iiyure ezingama-48) ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesixhobo sonke. Emva kokoma, iqondo lobushushu le-hydrogen lingafikelela ngaphantsi kwe -60 ℃. Ngexesha lomjikelo wokusebenza (iiyure ezingama-48), oomatshisi u-A no-B badlula kwiimeko zokusebenza nokuhlaziya, ngokulandelelana.
Kwixesha elinye lokutshintsha, isixhobo sokomisa sifumana iimeko ezimbini: imeko yokusebenza kunye nemeko yokuhlaziya.
·Imeko yokuvuselelwa: Umthamo wegesi yokucubungula ngumthamo wegesi opheleleyo. Imeko yokuvuselelwa ibandakanya inqanaba lokufudumeza kunye nenqanaba lokupholisa ngokuvuthuza;
1) Inqanaba lokufudumeza – isifudumezi esingaphakathi kwisomisi siyasebenza, kwaye siyeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukufudumeza xa ubushushu obuphezulu bufikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo okanye ixesha lokufudumeza lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo;
2) Inqanaba lokuphola – Emva kokuba isomisi siyekile ukufudumeza, umoya uyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngesomisi kwindlela yokuqala ukuze uphole de isomisi sitshintshele kwimo yokusebenza.
·Imeko yokusebenza: Umthamo womoya wokucubungula uphelele, kwaye i-heater engaphakathi kwi-dryer ayisebenzi.
5.Umsebenzi weenqaba ezintathu
Okwangoku, inkqubo yeenqaba ezintathu isetyenziswa kakhulu. Kufakwe oomisi abathathu kwisixhobo, abaqulethe ii-desiccants (ii-molecular seeves) ezinomthamo omkhulu wokufunxa kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuhle. Oomisi abathathu batshintshana phakathi kokusebenza, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokufunxa ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesixhobo sonke. Emva kokomisa, iqondo lomhlwa wegesi yehydrogen linokufikelela ngaphantsi kwe -70 ℃.
Ngexesha lomjikelo wokutshintsha, i-dryer idlula kwiimeko ezintathu: ukusebenza, ukufunxa, kunye nokuhlaziya. Kwimeko nganye, i-dryer yokuqala apho igesi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena khona emva kokukhupha i-oxygen, ukupholisa, kunye nokuhluza amanzi ifumaneka:
1) Imeko yokusebenza: Umthamo wegesi yokucubungula uphelele, isifudumezi esingaphakathi kwisomisi asisebenzi, kwaye i-medium yigesi ye-hydrogen eluhlaza engakakhutshwa ngamanzi;
Indawo yesibini yokungena kwi-dryer ifumaneka apha:
2) Imeko yokuhlaziya: Umthamo wegesi oyi-20%: Imeko yokuhlaziya ibandakanya inqanaba lokufudumeza kunye nenqanaba lokupholisa elivuthuzayo;
Inqanaba lokufudumeza – isifudumezi esingaphakathi kwisomisi siyasebenza, kwaye siyeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukufudumeza xa ubushushu obuphezulu bufikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo okanye ixesha lokufudumeza lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo;
Inqanaba lokuphola – Emva kokuba isomisi siyekile ukufudumeza, umoya uyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngesomisi kwindlela yokuqala ukuze uphole de isomisi sitshintshele kwimo yokusebenza; Xa isomisi sikwinqanaba lokuvuselelwa, esi sisixhobo siphelelwa ngamanzi yigesi yehydrogen eyomileyo;
Indawo yesithathu yokungena kwi-dryer ifumaneka apha:
3) Imeko yokufunxa: Umthamo wegesi yokucubungula yi-20%, isifudumezi kwisomisi asisebenzi, kwaye i-medium yigesi ye-hydrogen yokuvuselela.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-19-2024
