Ngokunyuka kwehlabathi ukufuna amandla acocekileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, amandla e-hydrogen, njengomphathi osebenzayo nococekileyo wamandla, ngokuthe ngcembe angena kumbono wabantu. Njengekhonkco eliphambili kwikhonkco loshishino lwamandla e-hydrogen, iteknoloji yokucoca i-hydrogen ayikhathaleli kuphela ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwamandla e-hydrogen, kodwa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umda wesicelo kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho zamandla e-hydrogen.
1.Iimfuno ze-hydrogen yemveliso
I-Hydrogen, njengesixhobo sekhemikhali ekrwada kunye ne-energy carrier, ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucoceka kunye nomxholo wokungcola kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Kwimveliso ye-synthetic ammonia, i-methanol kunye nezinye iimveliso zemichiza, ukwenzela ukuthintela i-catalyst poisoning kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso, i-sulfides kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi kwigesi yokutya kufuneka zisuswe kwangaphambili ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. Kwiindawo zoshishino ezifana nesinyithi, iiseramikhi, iglasi, kunye ne-semiconductors, igesi ye-hydrogen idibana ngokuthe ngqo neemveliso, kwaye iimfuno zokucoceka kunye nomxholo wokungcola zingqongqo. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-semiconductor, i-hydrogen isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezifana nekristale kunye nokulungiswa kwe-substrate, i-oxidation, i-annealing, njl., ezinemida ephezulu kakhulu kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezifana ne-oksijeni, amanzi, i-hydrocarbons enzima, i-hydrogen sulfide, njl.
2.Umgaqo wokusebenza we-deoxygenation
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, i-oksijini encinci kwi-hydrogen inokusabela nge-hydrogen ukuvelisa amanzi, ukufezekisa injongo ye-deoxygenation. I-reaction yi-exothermic reaction, kwaye i-reaction equation imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
2H ₂+O ₂ (i-catalyst) -2H ₂ O+Q
Ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa, iikhemikhali, kunye nomgangatho we-catalyst ngokwayo ayitshintshi ngaphambi nangemva kokuphendula, i-catalyst ingasetyenziselwa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa.
I-deoxidizer inesakhiwo se-cylinder yangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye ne-catalyst elayishwe phakathi kweesilinda zangaphandle nangaphakathi. I-explosion-proof electric heat component ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder yangaphakathi, kwaye i-sensors ezimbini zeqondo lokushisa zifumaneka phezulu nangaphantsi kwe-catalyst packing ukuze zibone kwaye zilawule ukushisa kokuphendula. I-cylinder yangaphandle isongelwe nge-insulation layer ukuthintela ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokuphepha ukutsha. I-hydrogen eluhlaza ingena kwi-cylinder yangaphakathi ukusuka kwi-inlet ephezulu ye-deoxidizer, ifudunyezwa yinto yokufudumala yombane, kwaye ihamba ngebhedi ye-catalyst ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Ioksijini ekwihidrojeni ekrwada idibana nehydrogen phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ukuvelisa amanzi. Isiqulatho se-oksijini kwi-hydrogen ephuma kwi-outlet esezantsi ingancitshiswa ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1ppm. Amanzi aveliswa ngumdibaniso aphuma kwi-deoxidizer kwifom yegesi kunye negesi ye-hydrogen, idibanisa kwi-cooler ye-hydrogen elandelayo, izihlungi kwi-separator yamanzi-moya, kwaye ikhutshwe kwinkqubo.
3.Umgaqo wokusebenza wokoma
Ukomiswa kwerhasi yehidrojeni kusetyenziswa indlela yokubhengeza, kusetyenziswa iisefu zemolekyuli njengee-adsorbents. Emva kokoma, indawo yombethe yegesi yehydrogen inokufikelela ngaphantsi kwe-70 ℃. I-molecular sieve luhlobo lwe-aluminosilicate compound ene-cubic lattice, eyenza imingxuma emininzi yobukhulu obufanayo ngaphakathi emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi kwaye inommandla omkhulu kakhulu. Iisefu zemolekyuli zibizwa ngokuba zii-molecular sieves kuba ziyakwazi ukwahlula iimolekyuli ezinemilo eyahlukeneyo, iidayamitha, iipolarities, iindawo zokubilisa, kunye namanqanaba okugcwalisa.
Amanzi yimolekyuli yepolar, kwaye iisefu zemolekyuli zinobudlelwane obuqinileyo namanzi. I-adsorption ye-molecular sieves yi-adsorption ebonakalayo, kwaye xa i-adsorption igcwele, ithatha ixesha elithile ukufudumeza kunye nokuhlaziya kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba i-adsorbed kwakhona. Ke ngoko, ubuncinci i-dryerer ezimbini zibandakanyiwe kwisixhobo sokucoca, esinye sisebenza ngelixa esinye sihlaziya, ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-hydrogen ezinzileyo.
Isomisi sinesakhiwo se-cylinder sangaphakathi nangaphandle, kunye ne-adsorbent elayishiwe phakathi kweesilinda zangaphandle nangaphakathi. I-explosion-proof electric heat component ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder yangaphakathi, kwaye i-sensors ezimbini zeqondo lokushisa zifumaneka phezulu nangaphantsi kwe-molecular sieve ukupakisha ukufumanisa nokulawula ubushushu bokuphendula. I-cylinder yangaphandle isongelwe nge-insulation layer ukuthintela ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokuphepha ukutsha. Ukuhamba komoya kwimeko ye-adsorption (kubandakanywa neendawo eziphambili kunye nesekondari zokusebenza) kunye nemeko yokuvuselela iguqulwe. Kwimeko ye-adsorption, umbhobho ongentla uphuma kwigesi kwaye umbhobho osezantsi uyindawo yokungena kwegesi. Kwimeko yokuhlaziya, umbhobho ongentla uphezulu kwi-gas inlet kunye nombhobho osezantsi wokuphuma kwegesi. Inkqubo yokomisa inokwahlulwa ibe ziomisi ezimbini zeenqaba kunye nezomisi ezintathu zeenqaba ngokwenani lezomisi.
4.Inkqubo yeenqaba ezimbini
I-dryer ezimbini zifakwe kwisixhobo, ezitshintshayo kwaye zihlaziye ngaphakathi komjikelezo omnye (iiyure ezingama-48) ukufezekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwesixhobo sonke. Emva kokoma, indawo yombethe wehydrogen inokufikelela ngaphantsi kwe-60 ℃. Ngexesha lomjikelo wokusebenza (iiyure ezingama-48), oomisi A kunye no-B batyhutyha amazwe asebenzayo kunye nokuhlaziya, ngokulandelelanayo.
Kumjikelo omnye wokutshintsha, isomisi sifumana amazwe amabini: imeko yokusebenza kunye nemeko yokuvuselela.
·Imeko yohlaziyo: Umthamo werhasi yokulungiswa ngumthamo ogcweleyo werhasi. Isimo sohlaziyo siquka inqanaba lokufudumeza kunye nenqanaba lokupholisa umoya;
I-1) Isiteji sokufudumala - i-heater ngaphakathi kwi-dryer isebenza, kwaye imise ngokuzenzekelayo ukufudumeza xa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo okanye ixesha lokufudumala lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo;
I-2) Isigaba sokupholisa - Emva kokuba isomisi siyeke ukufudumeza, ukuhamba komoya kuqhubeka nokuhamba ngesomisi kwindlela yokuqala yokuyipholisa kude kube yilapho isomisi sitshintshela kwimodi yokusebenza.
·Isimo sokusebenza: Umthamo womoya wokulungisa ugcwele ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isifudumezisi ngaphakathi kwesomisi singasebenzi.
5.Three tower workflows
Okwangoku, inkqubo yeenqaba ezintathu isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-dryer ezintathu zifakwe kwisixhobo, eziqukethe i-desiccants (i-molecular sieves) kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-adsorption kunye nokumelana nokushisa okulungileyo. Izomisi ezintathu ziyatshintshana phakathi kokusebenza, ukuvuselelwa, kunye ne-adsorption ukufezekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesixhobo sonke. Emva kokoma, indawo yombethe yegesi yehydrogen inokufikelela ngaphantsi kwe-70 ℃.
Ngexesha lomjikelo wokutshintsha, isomisi sidlula kwiindawo ezintathu: ukusebenza, i-adsorption, kunye nokuvuselelwa. Kwilizwe ngalinye, isomisi sokuqala apho irhasi yehydrogen ekrwada ingena khona emva kokukhutshwa kweoksijini, ukupholisa, kunye nokuhluzwa kwamanzi:
I-1) Isimo sokusebenza: Umthamo wegesi wokucubungula ugcwele ngokupheleleyo, i-heater ngaphakathi kwesomisi ayisebenzi, kwaye i-medium yigesi eluhlaza ye-hydrogen engazange iphelelwe ngamanzi;
Isomisi sesibini sokungena siku:
I-2) Imeko yokuhlaziya: i-20% yegesi yomthamo: Imeko yokuhlaziya ibandakanya inqanaba lokufudumeza kunye nenqanaba lokupholisa;
Isigaba sokufudumala - i-heater ngaphakathi kwi-dryer isebenza, kwaye imise ngokuzenzekelayo ukufudumeza xa ukushisa okuphezulu kufikelele kwixabiso elimiselweyo okanye ixesha lokufudumala lifikelela kwixabiso elimiselweyo;
Inqanaba lokupholisa - Emva kokuba isomisi siyeke ukufudumeza, ukuhamba komoya kuyaqhubeka kuhamba ngesomisi kwindlela yokuqala yokuyipholisa kude kube yilapho isomisi sitshintshela kwimodi yokusebenza; Xa isomisi sikwinqanaba lokuhlaziya, i-medium is dehydrated dry dry hydrogen gas;
Isomisi sesithathu sokungena siku:
I-3) I-Adsorption state: Ukucutshungulwa kwegesi umthamo ngu-20%, i-heater kwi-dryer ayisebenzi, kwaye i-medium yigesi ye-hydrogen yokuvuselelwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-19-2024
