Uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo: Iintlobo kunye nezicelo

Yintoni Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo?

Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo yindlela esebenzayo evumela abahloli ukuba baqokelele idatha ngaphandle kokonakalisa imveliso. Isetyenziselwa ukuhlola iziphene kunye nokonakala ngaphakathi kwezinto ngaphandle kokuqhaqha okanye ukutshabalalisa imveliso.

Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) kunye novavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDI) ngamagama afanayo abhekisa kuvavanyo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kwinto. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetyenziselwa uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo, ngelixa i-NDI isetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokupasa/ukungaphumeleli.
Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) kunye novavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDI) zingasetyenziswa ngokutshintshana, zombini zibhekisa kuvavanyo lwezinto ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NDT isetyenziselwa uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo, ngelixa i-NDI isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokupasa/lokungaphumeleli. Njengoko eli candelo likwabandakanya neendlela ze-NDT phantsi kovavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wahlule phakathi kwezi zimbini ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo sakho kunye nenjongo yakho.

Ezona njongo zimbini ze-NDT zezi:

Uvavanyo lomgangatho: Ukujonga imiba kwiimveliso ezenziweyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukuncipha kwe-casting, iziphene zokuwelda, njl.njl.

Uvavanyo lobomi: Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemveliso. Ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezakhiwo kunye neziseko.
Iingenelo zoVavanyo olungonakalisiyo

Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo lubonelela ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo zokuhlola izinto ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kulula ukufumana iziphene ezingabonakaliyo kumphezulu.
Akukho monakalo kwizinto, ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlola.
Ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwemveliso
Chonga ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo
Isizathu sokuba uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo luchaneke ngakumbi kwaye lusebenze kakuhle kukuba lunokuchonga iziphene zangaphakathi zento ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa. Le ndlela ifana nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, okunokubonisa indawo apho kwaphuka khona okunzima ukuyibona ngaphandle.

Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) lungasetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwemveliso ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe, njengoko le ndlela ingangcolisi okanye yonakalise imveliso. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimveliso ezihlolwayo zifumana uhlolo olungcono, nto leyo enyusa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezithile, amanyathelo amaninzi okulungiselela anokufuneka, anokubiza kakhulu.

Iindlela zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-NDT

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kuvavanyo olungonakalisiyo, kwaye zinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphene okanye kwizinto eziza kuhlolwa.

Uvavanyo lweRadiographic (RT)

Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) lungasetyenziselwa uhlolo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweempahla, njengoko le ndlela ingangcolisi okanye yonakalise imveliso. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimveliso ezihlolwayo zifumana uhlolo olungcono, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, amanyathelo amaninzi okulungiselela anokufuneka, anokubiza kakhulu. Uvavanyo lwe-Radiographic (RT) lusebenzisa i-X-rays kunye ne-gamma rays ukuhlola izinto. I-RT ibona iziphene ngokusebenzisa umahluko kubukhulu bomfanekiso kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo. I-computerized tomography (CT) yenye yeendlela zomfanekiso we-NDT zoshishino ezibonelela ngemifanekiso enqamlezileyo kunye ne-3D yezinto ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Olu phawu luvumela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweziphene zangaphakathi okanye ubukhulu. Ifanelekile ukulinganisa ubukhulu beepleyiti zentsimbi kunye nophando lwangaphakathi lwezakhiwo. Ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezithile: kufuneka kusetyenziswe unonophelo olukhulu ekusebenziseni imitha. I-RT isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwangaphakathi lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye neebhodi zeesekethe ze-elektroniki. Ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iziphene kwiipayipi kunye nee-welds ezifakwe kwizityalo zamandla, kwiifektri, nakwezinye izakhiwo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT)

Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) lusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasonic ukubona izinto. Ngokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwamaza esandi kumphezulu wezinto, i-UT inokubona imeko yangaphakathi yezinto. I-UT isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi njengendlela yokuvavanya engonakalisiyo engonakalisi izinto. Isetyenziselwa ukubona iziphene zangaphakathi kwiimveliso kunye neziphene kwizinto ezifanayo ezifana nee-rolled coils. Iinkqubo ze-UT zikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa zinemida xa kufikwa kwizinto ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Zisetyenziselwa ukubona iziphene zangaphakathi kwiimveliso kunye nokuhlola izinto ezifanayo ezifana nee-rolled coils.

Uvavanyo lwe-Eddy Current (i-Electromagnetic) (ET)

Kuvavanyo lwe-eddy current (EC), ikhoyili ene-alternating current ibekwa kufutshane nomphezulu wento. I-current kwikhoyili ivelisa i-eddy current ejikelezayo kufutshane nomphezulu wento, ilandela umgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Iziphene zomphezulu, ezifana neentanda, ziyafunyanwa emva koko. Uvavanyo lwe-EC yenye yeendlela zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga ezingafunekiyo ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili okanye ukucutshungulwa emva. Ifanelekile kakhulu ekulinganisweni kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo, kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizityalo zokwenza izinto. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-EC lunokufumanisa kuphela izinto eziqhubayo.

Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle (MT)

Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle (MT) lusetyenziselwa ukubona iziphene ezingaphantsi komphezulu wezinto kwisisombululo sokuhlola esine-magnetic powder. Umbane ufakwa kwinto ukuze uyihlole ngokutshintsha ipateni ye-magnetic powder kumphezulu wento. Xa umbane udibana neziphene apho, uya kudala intsimi yokuvuza kwe-flux apho kukho isiphene.
Isetyenziselwa ukubona imifantu enganzulu/encinci kumphezulu, kwaye iyafumaneka kwiinqwelo-moya, iimoto, kunye nezixhobo zikaloliwe.

Uvavanyo lwe-Penetrant (PT)

Uvavanyo lwe-Penetrant (PT) lubhekisa kwindlela yokuzalisa ingaphakathi lesiphene ngokufaka i-penetrant kwinto kusetyenziswa i-capillary action. Emva kokucubungula, i-surface penetrant iyasuswa. I-Penetrant engene ngaphakathi kwesiphene ayinakuhlanjwa kwaye iyagcinwa. Ngokubonelela ngomphuhlisi, isiphene siya kufunxwa kwaye sibonakale. I-PT ifanelekile kuphela ekuhlolweni kwesiphene somphezulu, ifuna ukucutshungulwa ixesha elide kunye nexesha elingaphezulu, kwaye ayifanelekanga ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi. Isetyenziselwa ukuhlola ii-turbojet engine turbojet turbojet turbojet turbojet turbojet engine ...

Ezinye iindlela

Inkqubo yovavanyo lwempembelelo yesando idla ngokuphathwa ngabaqhubi abahlola imeko yangaphakathi yento ngokuyibetha nokumamela isandi esivelayo. Le ndlela isebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo apho ikomityi yeti engaguqukiyo ivelisa isandi esicacileyo xa ibethelwa, ngelixa ephukileyo ivelisa isandi esingathandekiyo. Le ndlela yovavanyo ikwasetyenziselwa ukuhlola iibholiti ezikhululekileyo, ii-axle zesitimela, kunye neendonga zangaphandle. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo yenye yezona ndlela zilula nezisetyenziswa kakhulu zokuvavanya ezingatshabalalisiyo apho abasebenzi bahlola ngokubonakalayo inkangeleko yangaphandle yento. Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo lubonelela ngeenzuzo kulawulo lomgangatho wokwenziwa kwee-castings, ii-forgings, iimveliso eziqengqelekayo, iipayipi, iinkqubo zokuwelda, njl.njl., ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokufakelwa kwemizi-mveliso. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukugcina iziseko zothutho ezifana neebhulorho, iitonela, amavili esitimela kunye nee-axle, iinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, izithuthi, kunye nokuhlola iiturbines, iipayipi, kunye neetanki zamanzi zezityalo zamandla kunye nezinye iziseko zophuhliso zemihla ngemihla. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-NDT kwimimandla engeyiyo yemizi-mveliso efana neentsalela zenkcubeko, imisebenzi yobugcisa, ukuhlelwa kweziqhamo, kunye novavanyo lomfanekiso wobushushu kuya kuba baluleke ngakumbi.